
| Preamble |
This Chapter is part of the PolyCIVIS Handbook on Participatory Methods for Teaching about the Polycrisis in Higher Education. The objective of this Handbook is to serve as a reference resource for teaching about the polycrisis in Higher Education in a participatory manner, a need which has not only been foreseen by the PolyCIVIS project in its inception phase, but also confirmed and further substantiated in a number of meetings and workshops during the project’s lifetime.
This Handbook is not a coursebook to teach what the polycrisis is, but a methods book, to provide instruments for teaching about the polycrisis in a participatory manner. It is to be made available online as a multimedia live resource, presenting different participatory teaching methods for uptake by the Polycrisis-interested community in Higher Education, together with supporting materials such as method descriptions, references, examples and case studies.
The different methods proposed are presented in one chapter for each group of methods, which also includes, in the digital edition of this Handbook, a live survey to collect peer feedback from the community itself, on the usefulness and ease of use that community members (Higher Education tutors, students, researchers as well as practitioners) may themselves find specific methods to have within, and for, their own contexts and audiences.
| What do we mean by thin participation techniques? |
Data-based participation techniques involve learners and stakeholders in collecting, mapping, interpreting, questioning, governing or stewarding data. They include participatory data collection, participatory mapping, crowd mapping, crowdsensing, citizen-generated data, participatory dashboards, community data audits and participatory data stewardship. In higher education, these methods help students understand data not as neutral information, but as socially produced evidence shaped by categories, tools, power, access and interpretation. For teaching the polycrisis, data-based participation is essential because overlapping crises are increasingly governed through data, while affected communities may be excluded, misrepresented or harmed by data practices.
| Indicative starter sources for information about these methods |
| Additional sources of information about these methods |
European Commission. (n.d.). Participatory data collection tools. EU Science Hub.
https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305750X94901414Meier, P. (2015). Digital humanitarians: How big data is changing the face of humanitarian response. CRC Press.
Ziemke, J. (2012). Crisis mapping: The construction of a new interdisciplinary field? Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 8(2), 101–117.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2012.662471Capponi, A., Fiandrino, C., Kantarci, B., Foschini, L., Kliazovich, D., & Bouvry, P. (2019). A survey on mobile crowdsensing systems: Challenges, solutions, and opportunities. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(3), 2419–2465.
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2914030Guo, B., Yu, Z., Zhou, X., & Zhang, D. (2014). From participatory sensing to mobile crowd sensing. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (pp. 593–598). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComW.2014.6815273INTRAC. (2017). Participatory learning and action (PLA).
https://www.intrac.org/app/uploads/2017/01/Participatory-learning-and-action.pdfEndVAWnow. (n.d.). Participatory data collection approaches. UN Women.
https://www.endvawnow.org/Mikkelsen, B. (2005). Methods for development work and research: A guide for practitioners (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Jewkes, R., Flood, M., & Lang, J. (2015). From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: A conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1580–1589.
Chapin, M., Lamb, Z., & Threlkeld, B. (2005). Mapping indigenous lands. Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, 619–638.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120429Chambers, R. (2006). Participatory mapping and geographic information systems: Whose map? Who is empowered and who disempowered? Who gains and who loses? Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 25(2), 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00163.xBryan, J. (2011). Walking the line: Participatory mapping, indigenous rights, and neoliberalism. Geoforum, 42(1), 40–50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.09.001McCall, M. K. (2014). Mapping territories, land resources and rights: Communities deploying participatory mapping/PGIS in Latin America. Revista do Departamento de Geografia, 1, 94–122.
Okolloh, O. (2009). Ushahidi, or 'testimony': Web 2.0 tools for actionable data. Participatory Learning and Action, 59, 65–70.
Wikipedia. (2026). Ushahidi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UshahidiCorbett, J., Cochrane, L., Evans, M., & Gill, M. (2017). Searching for social justice in crowdsourced mapping. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 44(6), 507–520.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2016.1247161Di Gessa, S. (2008). Participatory mapping as a tool for empowerment: Experiences and lessons learned from the ILC network. International Land Coalition.
Ada Lovelace Institute. (2021). Participatory data stewardship: A framework for involving people in the use of data.
https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/report/participatory-data-stewardship/Ada Lovelace Institute. (2021). Exploring legal mechanisms for data stewardship.
https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/report/legal-mechanisms-data-stewardship/Ada Lovelace Institute, Digital Good Network, & Liverpool City Region Civic Data Cooperative. (2024). Participatory and inclusive data stewardship: A landscape review. Ada Lovelace Institute.
https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/project/participatory-inclusive-data-stewardship/ESRC Digital Good Network. (2024). Participatory and inclusive data stewardship — where next?
https://digitalgood.net/participatory-and-inclusive-data-stewardship-where-next/Taylor, L., & Broeders, D. (2015). In the name of development: Power, profit and the datafication of the global South. Geoforum, 64, 229–237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.07.002| Indicative participatory teaching scenarios for these methods |
Students collect observations about heat exposure, shade, water access, accessible routes, cooling spaces and vulnerable locations on campus. They create a participatory map and discuss what the data shows, what it misses, who might be harmed by publication and how the university could respond.
Groups examine a public dataset related to climate, migration, health, food, energy or disaster risk. They ask: Who produced the data? Which categories are used? Who is missing? What uncertainties are hidden? What decisions might this data justify? Students then propose improvements.
Students imagine a city collecting data during a flood, heatwave or public-health emergency. They co-write a data charter specifying consent, privacy, access, data ownership, community oversight, deletion rules and responsible use. The activity connects data literacy with ethics and governance.
Students design a fictional crowdmap for a community facing cascading crises. The map includes food distribution, cooling centres, emergency shelters, medical help, transport disruptions and misinformation reports. Students test how to verify reports, protect contributors and avoid exposing vulnerable groups.
Students examine the promise and limits of crowdsensing. They imagine using phones or sensors to track air quality, heat or mobility during a crisis, then discuss bias, unequal device access, surveillance, consent and the difference between measurable data and lived experience.